{
  "name": "covid19-mobility-hmo-2020",
  "title": "Mobile Phone GPS Mobility Data for COVID-19 Research in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, 2020",
  "owner_org": "matematicas",
  "private": false,
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "license_id": "cc-by",
  "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International",
  "author": "Espinoza Fierro, Jesús Francisco; Montoya Laos, José Arturo; Ramírez Ramírez, Lilia Leticia; Soto Barrera, Juan Pablo",
  "author_email": "jesusfrancisco.espinoza@unison.mx",
  "maintainer": "Jesús Francisco Espinoza Fierro",
  "maintainer_email": "jesusfrancisco.espinoza@unison.mx",
  "url": "https://datos.fi-cen.unison.mx/dataset/covid19-mobility-hmo-2020",
  "notes": "## Overview\n\nThis dataset contains mobile phone GPS mobility records for Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, collected during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The records were used in mathematical, epidemiological, and urban mobility studies focused on residence-occupation patterns, human mobility restrictions, and multi-patch epidemic modeling.\n\nThe dataset includes the original daily CSV files and a consolidated table with traceability fields. Each mobility record corresponds to a device-level GPS ping generated when a mobile application with location permissions was used. The dataset is released for academic research, mathematical modeling, epidemiological analysis, urban mobility studies, reproducibility, and open scientific experimentation.\n\n## Data coverage\n\nTemporal coverage of daily source files: 2020-09-18 to 2020-12-13.\n\nTimestamp reference: UTC.\n\nLocal time conversion: Hermosillo, Sonora used UTC−07:00 throughout the study period; Sonora did not observe daylight saving time during this period.\n\nSpatial coverage: Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.\n\nCoordinate reference system for latitude and longitude: WGS84 / EPSG:4326.\n\nNumber of daily source files: 87.\n\nNumber of consolidated records: 80,582,452.\n\nNumber of device identifiers reported in the associated study: 306,963.\n\nMain variables: device identifier, timestamp, latitude, longitude, gender, country, age, income level, tier1, tier2, and technical provenance fields.\n\n## Data provenance and authorization\n\nThe original mobility data source was provided for academic research through LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C. in the framework of the service contract signed between LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C. and Universidad de Sonora on September 14, 2020, in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.\n\nLUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C. granted authorization for the mobility data analyzed under this framework to be used in academic research articles and to be made available as Open Data in an open access repository.\n\nAny publication, derivative dataset, software, or analytical product using these data must acknowledge LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C. as the provider of the original mobility data source for academic purposes.\n\n## Responsible use\n\nThe dataset contains persistent device-level identifiers, timestamps, and GPS coordinates. These fields are necessary for scientific analysis of mobility patterns over time and space, but they must be handled as sensitive mobility information.\n\nGPS pings should not be interpreted as deterministic evidence that a person was located at an exact physical point at an exact instant. Consecutive pings associated with the same device may exhibit short-range spatial variability over seconds or minutes, reflecting device-level positioning uncertainty, application-level recording behavior, signal conditions, and data-processing effects. The coordinates should therefore be interpreted as GPS observations rather than exact statements of physical presence.\n\nThe studies derived from this dataset did not rely on exact point-level identification of places or individuals. Instead, the analyses aggregated mobility information to larger spatial units such as AGEBs, urban zones, or patch-based regions, where small-scale GPS variability does not materially affect the conclusions.\n\nUsers of this dataset must not attempt to identify, re-identify, contact, profile, locate, or infer sensitive personal routines of any individual, household, workplace, or device owner. The dataset is released for scientific, educational, methodological, and public-interest research purposes.\n\n## Dataset creators\n\nJesús Francisco Espinoza Fierro\nORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-3634\n\nJosé Arturo Montoya Laos\nORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-0109\n\nLilia Leticia Ramírez Ramírez\nORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-0887\n\nJuan Pablo Soto Barrera\nORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-1097\n\n## Publisher and maintainer\n\nPublisher: Universidad de Sonora.\n\nPublishing organization: Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Sonora.\n\nMaintainer: Jesús Francisco Espinoza Fierro.\n\nMaintainer email: jesusfrancisco.espinoza@unison.mx.\n\nData provider: LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C.\n\n## Recommended citation\n\nEspinoza Fierro, Jesús Francisco; Montoya Laos, José Arturo; Ramírez Ramírez, Lilia Leticia; Soto Barrera, Juan Pablo. (2026). Mobile Phone GPS Mobility Data for COVID-19 Research in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, 2020. Version 1.0.0. Universidad de Sonora. Data source provided by LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C.\n\n## Related publications\n\nRamírez-Ramírez, Lilia Leticia; Montoya, José A.; Espinoza, Jesús F.; Mehta, Chahak; Akuno, Albert Orwa; Bui-Thanh, Tan. (2025). *Use of mobile phone sensing data to estimate residence and occupation times in urban patches: human mobility restrictions and the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak in Hermosillo, Mexico*. Computational Urban Science, 5, 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-025-00168-y\n\nAkuno, Albert Orwa; Ramírez-Ramírez, Lilia Leticia; Espinoza, Jesús F. (2023). *Inference on a Multi-Patch Epidemic Model with Partial Mobility, Residency, and Demography: Case of the 2020 COVID-19 Outbreak in Hermosillo, Mexico*. Entropy, 25, 968. https://doi.org/10.3390/e25070968\n\n## License\n\nThis dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Users may share and adapt the material, provided that appropriate credit is given to the dataset creators, Universidad de Sonora is identified as the publisher, and LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C. is acknowledged as the provider of the original mobility data source.\n",
  "tags": [
    {
      "name": "covid-19"
    },
    {
      "name": "epidemiological-modeling"
    },
    {
      "name": "gps"
    },
    {
      "name": "hermosillo"
    },
    {
      "name": "human-mobility"
    },
    {
      "name": "mathematical-modeling"
    },
    {
      "name": "mexico"
    },
    {
      "name": "mobile-phone-data"
    },
    {
      "name": "open-data"
    },
    {
      "name": "population-mobility"
    },
    {
      "name": "sonora"
    },
    {
      "name": "urban-science"
    }
  ],
  "extras": [
    {
      "key": "frequency",
      "value": "daily"
    },
    {
      "key": "language",
      "value": "en"
    },
    {
      "key": "license_note",
      "value": "CC BY 4.0; attribution to dataset creators, Universidad de Sonora, and LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C. is required."
    },
    {
      "key": "maintainer_orcid",
      "value": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-3634"
    },
    {
      "key": "publisher",
      "value": "Universidad de Sonora"
    },
    {
      "key": "related_publications",
      "value": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-025-00168-y; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25070968"
    },
    {
      "key": "row_count",
      "value": "80582452"
    },
    {
      "key": "source_file_count",
      "value": "87"
    },
    {
      "key": "large_file_hosting_note",
      "value": "The Parquet and ZIP resources are distributed through CKAN FileStore. The consolidated CSV is distributed through an institutional direct-download URL because of file size. File integrity should be verified using SHA-256 checksums."
    },
    {
      "key": "authorization_reference",
      "value": "LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C. authorization letter, 2024-08-08"
    },
    {
      "key": "creator_orcids",
      "value": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-3634; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6952-0109; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-0887; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-1097"},
    {
      "key": "data_provider",
      "value": "LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C."
    },
    {
      "key": "local_timezone",
      "value": "UTC-07:00"
    },
    {
      "key": "original_data_source",
      "value": "Mobile phone GPS records provided through LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C."
    },
    {
      "key": "publishing_organization",
      "value": "Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Sonora"
    },
    {
      "key": "recommended_citation",
      "value": "Espinoza Fierro, Jesús Francisco; Montoya Laos, José Arturo; Ramírez Ramírez, Lilia Leticia; Soto Barrera, Juan Pablo. (2026). Mobile Phone GPS Mobility Data for COVID-19 Research in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, 2020. Version 1.0.0. Universidad de Sonora. Data source provided by LUMEX CONSULTORES, S.C."
    },
    {
      "key": "spatial_coverage",
      "value": "Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico"
    },
    {
      "key": "spatial_reference_system",
      "value": "WGS84 / EPSG:4326"
    },
    {
      "key": "temporal_coverage",
      "value": "2020-09-18/2020-12-13"
    },
    {
      "key": "timestamp_timezone",
      "value": "UTC"
    }
  ],
  "resources_documented": [
    {
      "name": "Consolidated mobility table, version 1.0.0, Parquet",
      "format": "PARQUET",
      "path_local": "data/mobility_hmo_v1_0_0.parquet",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Primary analytical resource. Consolidated long-format table containing all mobility records from the daily CSV files, with additional traceability fields for source date and source file.",
      "size_bytes": 5166874655,
      "sha256": "13152022a884d90962661a14f4a19f35c87cc04a58ebddcdd22e094f11526768"
    },
    {
      "name": "Consolidated mobility table, version 1.0.0, CSV",
      "format": "CSV",
      "path_local": "data/mobility_hmo_v1_0_0.csv",
      "distribution": "institutional direct-download URL registered in CKAN",
      "description": "Consolidated long-format CSV table containing all mobility records from the daily CSV files, with additional traceability fields for source date and source file.",
      "size_bytes": 23945396948,
      "sha256": "a901e3013f3621667da634de720b1beab50a60d8f4d5837f2c65423d0a02e051"
    },
    {
      "name": "Original daily CSV files, 2020-09-18 to 2020-12-13",
      "format": "ZIP",
      "path_local": "data/raw_daily_csv_2020-09-18_2020-12-13.zip",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Compressed archive containing the original daily CSV files as received and organized by date.",
      "size_bytes": 3887349069,
      "sha256": "5d608869141b316c64836dd43fd387686755c58cfacc339380159fa42d5b576b"
    },
    {
      "name": "Data dictionary, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "CSV",
      "path_local": "metadata/data_dictionary.csv",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Variable-level codebook for all consolidated fields."
    },
    {
      "name": "Methodology, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "MD",
      "path_local": "docs/methodology.md",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Methodological documentation for provenance, consolidation, limitations, and responsible use."
    },
    {
      "name": "README, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "MD",
      "path_local": "docs/README.md",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Public user guide and citation information."
    },
    {
      "name": "Citation metadata, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "CFF",
      "path_local": "metadata/CITATION.cff",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Machine-readable citation metadata."
    },
    {
      "name": "Frictionless Data Package metadata, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "JSON",
      "path_local": "metadata/datapackage.json",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Machine-readable resource and schema metadata."
    },
    {
      "name": "CKAN metadata, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "JSON",
      "path_local": "metadata/ckan_metadata.json",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "CKAN-oriented metadata record."
    },
    {
      "name": "SHA-256 checksums, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "TXT",
      "path_local": "integrity/checksums_sha256.txt",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "SHA-256 checksums for verifying the integrity of the files included in dataset version 1.0.0."
    },
    {
      "name": "File manifest, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "CSV",
      "path_local": "integrity/manifest_files.csv",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Machine-readable manifest of data, documentation, metadata, and script files, including file sizes, human-readable sizes, and SHA-256 hashes. Integrity files are excluded to avoid self-referential records."
    },
    {
      "name": "Consolidation script, version 1.0.0",
      "format": "PY",
      "path_local": "scripts/build_ckan_mobility_package.py",
      "distribution": "CKAN resource",
      "description": "Python script used to generate the primary analytical data resources and data-resource integrity files from the original daily CSV files."
    }
  ]
}